Musing about collaboration

My father, and his father before him, were financial journalists; and for a while so was I, until my father died suddenly in 1980.

They had an unusual approach to vertical integration as practised in those days. They wrote pretty much everything in the journal (with the help of a faithful few), edited it, printed and published it. Every week, around 32 pages of comment, all in English. And all this in Calcutta from 1928 to 1980. They owned the journal, the press, an ad agency and even a restaurant for the print workers.

The “flagship” part of this journal was a weekly 1500 word essay called Clive Street Gossip. Clive Street was the financial heartland of India for many years, until the “political” capital was rudely moved to the Lutyens-designed New Delhi, I think it was in 1910. [Before you say it: I was definitely not around at the time, however old I may seem]. Over the next forty years or so, the importance of Clive Street (and of Bengal, from a financial viewpoint) slowly waned as India lurched towards Independence, and by then it was Bombay that became the financial capital of the country.

Now Clive Street is primarily to be found on eBay, in vintage postcards, interspersed amongst the depictions of the Black Hole and the Great Eastern Hotel. But that was in another country, and besides..

Clive Street Gossip was written by Eavesdropper, the pen-name adopted by my father and his father. I wrote precisely one column using that name. I cannot be sure what images the column name evokes in you, but the reality was quite prosaic. They spoke of markets and of conversations, and of the social life of that information, in something that vaguely resembled a weekly blog with three or four posts every week.

And that’s what put the food on the family table.

So you can imagine what my early years were like. And why I studied economics, why I read voraciously, why I was so struck by The Social Life of Information and The Cluetrain Manifesto. Why I still continue to be struck by them.

But all this was largely before the Information Age; I’d never seen a real computer until 1980, except for a wondrous afternoon playing some form of Star Something on a Commodore Pet in the late 1970s.

What has entranced me since then is the magic of collaboration, the sheer unadulterated joy of co-creation. That may have been influenced at least in part by my Calcutta upbringing: I have often wondered whether it is even possible to do something alone in Calcutta. Anything. [You’re right, I have very fond memories of the place where I spent 23 unbroken years].

So when I think about information, about the internet, about identity and privacy and confidentiality, about patents and copyrights and digital rights and intellectual property, it is always in the context of collaboration.

And currently, I am wrestling with two issues. Particularly as a consequence of the availability of social software at affordable price points in open architectural models, when I can see the possibility of the collaborative magic happening.
One, is there such a thing as group selection, in a Darwinian natural selection sense? Do groups have adaptive capacities? Do social organisms evolve on a natural-selection basis? The concept is not new, but fell way out of favour in the Sixties, and never really resurfaced. And I think it would be really useful to model enterprise behaviour in the context of group selection, both within and well as beyond the enterprise boundary.
Two, was anything ever truly invented by one person in isolation? Here I am not referring to the serendipity aspect, where more than one person “simultaneously” invents something. What I mean is the impact of the group operating around and sometimes under the guidance and tutelage of the “inventor”, or sometimes in partnership.
My interest in the concept of group selection comes from a number of drivers:

  • One, I think it is a good way to understand cellular social organisms ranging from modern church movements through to social or professional networks, even terrorist organisations.
  • Two, it best explains why we have this counterproductive Blefuscu-versus-Lilliput polarisation about everything that matters nowadays. Groups will tend to attack others and protect their own.
  • Three, it allows me to consider and integrate the concepts and issues raised in Emergence and in Linked and in The Tipping Point, amongst others. On relationships and networks and flow.
  • Four, it lets me work in that hard-to-find space where religion and science aren’t necessarily in conflict.
  • And five, it helps me understand, define and defend altruism.

To move this forward, I am currently reading some of the works of David Sloan Wilson, amongst others; if anyone knows of other works they would be prepared to recommend, I’m all ears. Or should that be eyes? Conversations. Ears.

I am also looking as deeply as I can into the process of invention and of music/literature creation. Who did the inventing or creating. Who helped. How they learnt from mistakes. What the original idea was, and what was patented or published. What type of patent. What the time delta was between original thought, the experiments and failures, the final patent or product. Were Lennon and McCartney collaborators? An author and his/her editor? A husband and wife? Is a family a group that behaves selectively? No Man is an Iland.
To move this forward, I am busy acquiring hardcopy of original patents and a whole pile of literature ranging from scientific papers through to biographies and autobiographies. And reading them. Again, if anyone out there has some pointers to give me, I’d be grateful.

I think these two aspects are crucial to our understanding of collaboration. Does group selection exist, and if so how does it work? Is invention or music/literature/art creation a solo process or is it truly collaborative and only superficially solo?

More on Project ROIs

Following on from a variety of posts in the blogosphere (including his own), Dennis Howlett has written a serious and considered kernel for what could be a really worthwhile discussion on Project ROIs. Please do read it and respond accordingly, Dennis makes an open invitation calling for participation.

In a strange kind of way, maybe we can “prove” the value of blogging, the “ROI” of blogging, by using blogs to develop a sensible way of measuring project ROI….

Asterix, the sky is falling on my head

Paul Cox commented on a recent post of mine, where I cited The Openness Aversion. Here’s Paul’s comment:

  • Its easy to belittle the owners of intelectual property in the manner that you do. I doubt your readers would agree with you if they had earned valuable intelectual property.
  • It would be my experience that the value generated from IP is approximately equivelent to the necessary and high amount invested in earning the IP. If it just fell from the sky as you seem to think, it would be easy to give it away.

So here’s my take on it:

1. I have considerable respect for the creators of intellectual property. So do most of the people who participate in this blog. Incidentally, many of my readers create valuable intellectual property and find no problem with (a) being paid for what they do and (b) being free to share what they do with others.
2. When it comes to ownership of intellectual property, again I have no problem with the concept. I do, however, have a major problem with current intellectual property law. Law which is needed to “protect” the “intellectual property right”. Law that is fundamentally flawed, consisting of much that was written in a different time, for a different purpose, and with a narrow view on the cultures and geographies it needs to embrace. Law which was not drafted or legislated for dealing with the digital world in the first place.

3. I have no simple way of challenging your statement that the value generated from IP is approximately equivalent to the investment made in creating the IP, but I would guess that this is not true across the board in the context of patents and copyrights, particularly in a digital age.

4. What I do believe is the following:

(a) Ideas are free

(b) Creators and co-creators of value need to be compensated for the investment made in creating that value

(c) The current laws governing intellectual property are deeply flawed in their ability to do this

(d) From a patent perspective, we have entered an age where the costs and pitfalls of discovering prior art are spiralling out of control, even with modern search tools. This has led to defensive patents, frivolous patents, patent spam, whatever. The system is broken, and even patent lawyers and professors tend to agree about this.

(e) There are similar problems with copyright law not keeping up with the times in the context of the cost and efficiency of reproduction and distribution, again particularly in a digital environment.

(f) Most attempts at DRM are counterproductive; they have extremely high administrative and maintenance costs, make it hard for information to flow or be shared, increase the cost of accessing, enriching or improving that information. From an enterprise perspective I think it is indefensible for a CIO to pay for submerging data under six foot of concrete and then paying again for extracting that very data.

(g) There are a lot of people far more qualified than I am to comment. Terry Fisher and Rishab Aiyer Ghosh and Larry Lessig, to name just a few, have spent considerable time and energy, valuable time and energy, seeking better compensation models for the creators. Do read their works if you are interested. This is not an issue that will go away.
(h) If we do nothing we will have more idiocies like region encoding of DVDs and Mickey Mouse Acts. So far no one has shown me how these things help the creator or the consumer. Or for that matter economic value generation.
That’s it for now.

On viral marketing

MissRogue does her usual Come-From-Left-Field bit and explains why she takes extreme positions when discussing traditional and viral marketing. Well worth a read.
At the risk of being more extreme than Tara (as if that’s possible :-) ), I don’t think there is any middle ground on this.

Marketing is now about customers co-creating product, recommending to their network, making these recommendations independently yet subjectively, based on a personal experience of a product’s usefulness.
I don’t think this can be gamed. The cost of discovery-of-quality-or-usefulness is now so low that no amount of marketing money or strategy can apply enough lipstick to porcine products. And any attempt to apply said lipstick is likely to backfire and contaminate other products belonging to the same brand or stable.

The openness aversion

Cory Doctorow pointed me (thanks, Cory) at this recent article from the FT: A closed mind about an open world. In it, James Boyle makes some very interesting points, I can only recommend you read it.

Here’s a sample quote from the article:

Studying intellectual property and the internet has convinced me that we have another cognitive bias. Call it the openness aversion. We are likely to undervalue the importance, viability and productive power of open systems, open networks and non-proprietary production.

Understanding why “we” undervalue these things is critical to the three big I-battles we face: Intellectual Property, Identity and the Internet.

It is not enough for those that “get it” to go into a mutual-admiration huddle and back-slapping frenzies, as we are often wont to do. Those that don’t get it don’t get it for a reason. The commonest reason is an inability to comprehend three apparently simple things: that people can be altruistic; that extreme nonrival goods can and do exist; that people can make money because-of-rather-than-with.

James makes some excellent points in helping us bridge that gap of understanding.

But he also makes one very worrying one, something that has bothered me for quite a while. While we fight for openness in systems, networks, markets and information, the environment we fight in is becoming more closed. Many of the disruptions we’ve seen over the last two decades would not be allowed to happen today. And this is something we need to guard against, particularly in the context of regulation. Things like DOPA and Net Neutrality and Brand X and Mickey Mouse and DCMA. We live in challenging times.
But you know/the darkest hour/is always/always/just before the dawn. It may be a Long Time Coming, but it’s coming.